Social Studies: Model Question Sets and Predicted Questions

1. The family.

2. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme).

3. 27 Poush.

4. Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority.

5. 59.

6. Kilimanjaro (5,895 m).

7. Falgun 2007 BS.

8. 1 Shrawan.

9. Paris.

10. 95.59.

11. A problem that harms many people in society and needs collective action to solve it.

12. (i) The flag: two pennons, adopted in 1962 (crimson with blue border). (ii) The anthem: Sayaun Thunga Phulka (2007). (iii) The national flower is the rhododendron and the national bird is the danphe. (iv) The national animal is the cow, the national colour crimson and the national sport volleyball.

13. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided among federal, provincial and local governments, each with its own rights. Nepal has the federal government, 7 provincial governments and 753 local governments.

14. (i) Teach children about consent and body safety. (ii) Give counselling to victims and offenders. (iii) Strict and quick justice under the Criminal Code 2074. (iv) Helplines: 100, 1098, 1145; and awareness about online safety.

15. (i) They contest elections for power. (ii) They form the government or serve as the opposition. (iii) They shape public opinion. (iv) They connect citizens with government and train future leaders.

16. An earthquake is the sudden shaking of the ground. The focus is the point underground where the rocks break and energy is released; the epicentre is the point on the surface directly above the focus, where shaking is strongest. Nepal lies on the Indian–Eurasian plate boundary.

17. (i) The harsh Treaty of Versailles left Germany bitter. (ii) The Great Depression caused misery and helped dictators rise. (iii) Dictators (Hitler, Mussolini) chose aggression. (iv) Appeasement by Britain and France, and the invasion of Poland in 1939.

18. (a) Saving = income − expenditure = 30,000 − 22,500 = Rs 7,500. (b) Yearly saving = 7,500 × 12 = Rs 90,000. S.I. = PRT/100 = 90,000 × 6 × 2 / 100 = Rs 10,800.

19. WHO (Geneva) promotes health and fights disease. UNESCO (Paris) works for education, science and culture. FAO (Rome) works for food and agriculture. ILO (Geneva) protects workers' rights and labour standards.

20. Dependent population = 27.83 + 10.21 = 38.04%. Dependency ratio = dependents ÷ working-age × 100 = 38.04 ÷ 61.96 × 100 = 61.4 (about 61 dependents per 100 working-age people).

21. Introduction. The Kathmandu Valley was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1979 for its rich cultural heritage. Seven monument zones. Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur Durbar Squares, Swayambhunath, Boudhanath, Pashupatinath and Changu Narayan. Importance. (i) It carries centuries of art, architecture and religion. (ii) It attracts tourists and gives income and jobs. (iii) The listing brings international help for conservation. (iv) It gives Nepalis a sense of identity and pride. (v) It is a record of history for future generations. Conclusion. We must protect these monuments from decay, encroachment and earthquake damage.

22. Introduction. The judiciary interprets laws and gives justice. Structure. The Supreme Court (the Chief Justice and up to 20 other judges), seven High Courts (one for each province), 77 District Courts and the local Judicial Committees. Functions. (i) Hearing cases and giving justice. (ii) Judicial review: it can declare a law void if it contradicts the Constitution. (iii) Protecting fundamental rights by writs. (iv) Settling disputes among individuals, organisations and governments. Conclusion. An independent judiciary keeps the rule of law.

23. Introduction. Jana Andolan I was the people's movement that began on 7 Falgun 2046 and ended on 26 Chaitra 2046. Causes. (i) Parties had been banned under the Panchayat system since 2017. (ii) The 1980 referendum kept the system by only 54.8%. (iii) People wanted human rights and free speech. Course. The Nepali Congress and the left parties led a joint movement with mass protests. Results. (i) The king lifted the ban on parties. (ii) Multi-party democracy was restored. (iii) The Constitution of 2047 made Nepal a constitutional monarchy. (iv) A general election followed. Conclusion. The movement gave people political freedom.

24. Introduction. Nepal's average density is 198 persons per km², but it varies: Terai 460, Hill 192, Mountain 34; Madhesh 633 (highest province) and Karnali 60 (lowest). Factors. (i) Relief: steep mountains are thinly settled; flat land is crowded. (ii) Climate: mild climates attract people, harsh cold repels. (iii) Soil: fertile plains support agriculture. (iv) Transport: roads and airports attract people. (v) Jobs and services: cities like Kathmandu (5,169 per km²) attract migrants for jobs, schools and hospitals. Conclusion. The uneven distribution can be reduced by building roads, services and industries outside the big cities.

1. 16 years.

2. 17.

3. Bansuri (or narsingha).

4. 30 July.

5. Five years.

6. 6.5 °C.

7. B. P. Koirala.

8. 13%.

9. Geneva.

10. 2014.

11. Money sent home by Nepalis working abroad.

12. (i) Sagarmatha, the highest peak (8,848.86 m). (ii) Lumbini, the birthplace of Buddha. (iii) The monuments of the Kathmandu Valley and the Janaki Temple. (iv) Great persons and our rich culture.

13. HDI (Human Development Index) is a measure of development combining health, education and standard of living, from 0 to 1. Very high: 0.800 and above; high: 0.700–0.799; medium: 0.550–0.699; low: below 0.550. (Nepal, 0.622, is in the medium group.)

14. String: sarangi. Wind: bansuri or narsingha. Drum: madal, damphu or dhime. Cymbal: jhyali.

15. They (i) give money and technical help, (ii) set standards and laws, (iii) rescue and rehabilitate victims, and (iv) monitor and report progress. Examples: UNICEF for children, ILO for workers, UN Women for women's rights, IOM for migrants.

16. Human rights are the inherent rights of all people simply because they are human. They are protected by the National Human Rights Commission, the courts, NGOs and UN bodies. (The UDHR was adopted on 10 December 1948.)

17. Scale may be shown as a statement (1 cm = 1 km), a representative fraction (RF, 1:100,000) or a graphic scale. Modern mapping uses remote sensing and GIS (also aerial photos and GPS).

18. Gurkhas of Nepal served with Britain in both wars: about 200,000 in the First and about 250,000 in the Second, and many died. Nepal supported the Allies, and Britain recognised Nepal's independence in 1923.

19. Insurance is an agreement under which a company pays for a loss in return for regular payments. The premium is the amount paid regularly; the policy is the written contract; the claim is the request for payment when a loss occurs. Types: life and non-life.

20. Globalisation is the growing worldwide connection of trade, ideas and people; it helps trade, technology and remittance but increases inequality and threatens local culture. Localisation is the protection and promotion of local products, culture and decisions; it keeps identity and supports local producers.

21. Meaning. Federalism is a system in which power is divided among federal, provincial and local governments. Nepal was declared a federal democratic republic on 15 Jestha 2065, and the Constitution was promulgated on 3 Ashwin 2072. Structure. 1 federal government, 7 provincial governments and 753 local governments (6 metropolitan cities, 11 sub-metropolitan cities, 276 municipalities and 460 rural municipalities). Advantages. (i) Decisions are taken closer to the people. (ii) Local needs are better met. (iii) People take part in planning. (iv) Regions develop more evenly. (v) Diverse groups get a share of power. Conclusion. Federalism needs trained staff and fair resource sharing to succeed.

22. Meaning. Corruption is the misuse of power for personal gain. Causes. Greed, weak laws, low pay, lack of awareness and political protection. Effects. Wasted public money, poor roads and services, unfair opportunities, loss of trust and slow development; Nepal scored 34 out of 100 in CPI 2024. Measures. (i) A strong CIAA (anti-corruption body) and the Prevention of Corruption Act 2059. (ii) The Right to Information Act 2064. (iii) Education in honesty and public awareness. (iv) Quick, equal punishment. Conclusion. Control needs both laws and a change in attitudes.

23. Risk. Nepal lies on the boundary of the Indian and Eurasian plates, which keep pushing against each other, so the ground shakes. Major earthquakes occurred in 1934, 1988 and 2015 (magnitude 7.8). Effects. Deaths and injuries, destroyed houses and heritage, landslides, loss of jobs and long recovery. Safety. (i) Drop, cover and hold during shaking. (ii) Build to the building code. (iii) Keep an emergency kit and a family plan. (iv) Go to an open space after shaking stops. Conclusion. Preparation saves more lives than rescue after the quake.

24. Introduction. Nepal has about 83,000 MW of hydropower potential, of which about 42,000 MW is considered viable; installed capacity is about 3,500 MW. Importance. (i) It gives cheap, clean electricity for homes and industry. (ii) It replaces imported fuel. (iii) Exports bring income: to India since 2021 and to Bangladesh since 2025. (iv) Projects such as Upper Tamakoshi (456 MW) create jobs. (v) It supports tourism and irrigation. Conclusion. Using more of the potential, with care for the environment, can speed up the economy.